Summer House

(CNN) – Drug enforcement authorities are concerned about the use of potent new drug cocktails that combines prescription medicine and street drugs.

The new type of abuse, which drug experts call "pharmacological roulette," is being noticed among high school and college students, and is potentially deadly. Police in Hartford, Connecticut believe the death of a Trinity College student may have involved mixing various prescription medicines with other types of drugs.

Although experts don’t know if the pattern of abuse is growing, one survey at the University of Wisconsin found one in five students had tried illicit prescription drugs.

Both drug experts and recovering teen-agers at the Phoenix House Treatment Center in Lake Ronkonoma, New York, tell CNN’S Frank Buckley that obtaining the drugs is as easy as going to the drugstore, buying from sellers on the street or ordering from the Internet.

The prescription drugs allegedly found in Al Gore III’s possession this week are favorites among young people, according to drug abuse experts, who say prescription drugs may soon overtake street drugs in popularity.
 

Some young people perceive that prescription drugs are safer than street drugs, experts say.
 

"I wouldn’t be surprised if right now at this point in time, there are more kids abusing prescription drugs than abusing marijuana," said Joseph A. Califano Jr., chairman and president of CASA, the National Center on Alcohol and Substance Abuse at Columbia University.
 

Gore was arrested on charges of possessing — in addition to marijuana — Vicodin, Xanax, Valium and Adderall.
 

According to a CASA report, between 1993 and 2005 the proportion of college students abusing Vicodin and other opiods went up 343 percent, about 240,000 individuals. The numbers increased 450 percent, or by 170,000 students, for tranquilizers such as Xanax and Valium, and 93 percent, or 225,000 students, for stimulants, including Adderall.
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Prescription drug abuse is particularly common among upper middle class students, according to Lisa Jack, a clinical psychologist at Augsburg College in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
 

"It just goes to show that where you’re from doesn’t matter," Jack said.
 

And young people don’t have to go far to get these drugs. "Prescription drugs are very easy for kids to get," Califano said. "They can get them from the Internet. They can get them from their parents’ medicine cabinets. They can get them from their friends."
 

He said often students get them from friends who were prescribed these drugs legitimately.

"Kids sell them to each other," Jack said. "Drug trading happens all the time."
 

Experts say it’s particularly a problem with Adderall, a drug prescribed legitimately to millions of young people with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
 

According to CASA, more than a third of children ages 11-18 in Wisconsin and Minnesota who’d been prescribed Adderall and other ADHD medications reported being approached to sell or trade their drugs.
 

And often they say yes, according to one Canadian study that found one out of four teens who’d been legitimately prescribed Ritalin gave or sold some of their drugs.
 

Another appeal to prescription drugs, besides the easy access, is that young people often perceive them as safer.

"They don’t have to go to the streets and deal with some guy they don’t know and get marijuana where they don’t know what’s in it," Califano said. "Also, they see their parents using these drugs, so they seem safe."

Jack said prescription drugs can be more challenging to treat than addiction to street drugs. "In traditional drug abuse, addicts can say, ‘I’ve been using meth or coke or pot,’ and an addiction specialist knows what to do," she said. But with prescription drugs, "sometimes the kids don’t even know what they’ve been taking. They just pass the pills around."
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Part of the solution would be for drug makers to formulate their products so they’re harder to abuse, said Califano, adding that anti-drug campaigns also should focus more on prescription drug abuse.

Parents need to do their part as well, he said. "When I was a kid in Brooklyn, when parents had liquor, they locked up the liquor cabinet," he said. "Maybe parents need to lock up the medicine cabinet."

NEW YORK (CNN) — Tests on a $20 bill found at the Lower Manhattan apartment where "Brokeback Mountain" actor Heath Ledger died yielded no drug residue, New York Deputy Police Commissioner Paul Browne said.

The bill was collected to see whether it had been used to snort illegal drugs because of the way it was folded, New York Police Commissioner Ray Kelly said earlier. The Academy Award-nominated actor was found dead Tuesday. He was 28.

An autopsy Wednesday morning was inconclusive, and a cause-of-death determination will take 10 to 14 days, a medical examiner’s spokeswoman said.

"There were no illegal drugs found" in the apartment, Kelly said on Wednesday. He said there were prescription drugs, in their bottles, not strewn around as previously reported.

Two law enforcement officials who asked not to be named said six types of prescription drugs, including an antihistamine and pills to treat anxiety and insomnia, were found in the apartment, according to The Associated Press. A publicist for Ledger told CNN Thursday that the actor was suffering from the flu and had been prescribed antibiotics during recent filming for "The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus" in London. New details are emerging about the moments before and after Ledger’s death.

WASHINGTON (CNN) — Methadone-related deaths have skyrocketed, fueled by a jump in theft and misuse of the addiction treatment drug, according to a Justice Department report released Wednesday

The report said methadone-related deaths jumped from 786 in 1999 to 3,849 in 2004. By contrast, during the same period, deaths related to cocaine increased 43 percent from 3,822 to 5,461.

The National Drug Intelligence Center, an arm of the Department of Justice, says it published the assessment because of its concern over the sharp increases stemming from the diversion and methadone abuse.  The center, which analyzes and dispenses strategic drug intelligence, noted methadone is safe and effective when prescribed and used correctly to treat opiate addiction, but is deadly when misused –"particularly in combination with other prescription drugs, alcohol, or illicit drugs."

The report said physicians dispensed the drug more frequently in the management of pain during the years studied.

"Methadone thefts from manufacturers, distributors and retailers have increased the amount of methadone available for abuse," the report said.

"Diversion from pain management facilities, hospitals, pharmacies, general practitioners, family and friends, and to a lesser extent narcotics treatment programs, increased availability, primarily at the retail level," the study said.

The study said Florida had by far the most methadone deaths during the past three years of the study — 2002 to 2004. Four hundred deaths occurred in Florida during 2004. North Carolina was second with 245 deaths, followed by California, New York, Washington, Texas, Virginia and Kentucky. Officials say the problem continues to get worse, with the Florida Department of Law Enforcement reporting as many as 716 methadone deaths in 2006.

OMAHA, Nebraska (AP) — Only an anti-anxiety medication turned up in toxicology tests done on the body of the 19-year-old gunman who fatally wounded eight people before killing himself last month at a shopping mall.

 The autopsy report on Robert Hawkins revealed diazepam in his system. The tranquilizer is better known by its market name, Valium. Douglas County Attorney Don Kleine told the Omaha World-Herald in a copyright story Tuesday that authorities sometimes "see people who have abused drugs or alcohol to give them the ability to carry out their misdeed."

"In this case, it doesn’t appear he had abused either," he said.

The teen’s blood revealed only therapeutic levels of the medication.

The autopsy report also said Hawkins killed himself December 5 by a single shot from his assault rifle from under his chin.

Before committing suicide, Hawkins went into the Von Maur store at Westroads Mall and took an elevator up to the third floor. There he opened fire, fatally wounding eight people. Five other people were hit by bullets or bullet fragments, injuring two seriously.
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Investigators will try to find out whether Hawkins had a prescription for the Valium, he needed Valium Detox, Kleine said.  Diazepam is often given to people who have anxiety attacks or insomnia, said Dr. Todd Stull, director of the University of Nebraska Medical Center’s drug and alcohol program.

"It’s a calming kind of medicine," Stull said. "A lower dose can help with anxiety."

People can get high on it, he said, but "it’s not a very common addiction."

Court records and friends say Hawkins regularly smoked marijuana, but Kleine said there was no evidence of it or any other drugs in his blood.

WASHINGTON (AP) — About 3.1 million people between the ages of 12-25 have used cough and cold medicine to get high, the government reported Wednesday.

 The number of young people who abused over-the-counter cold medicines is comparable to use of LSD and much greater than that for methamphetamine among the age group, according to the federal Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.

The agency’s 2006 survey on drug abuse and health found that more than 5 percent of teenagers and young adults had misused cough and cold medicines and indicated that these people also had experimented frequently with illicit drugs. Nearly 82 percent also had used marijuana. Slightly less than half also used inhalants or hallucinogens, such as LSD or Ecstasy, the agency said.  The cough suppressant DXM is found in more than 140 cough and cold medications available without a prescription. When taken in large amounts, DXM can cause disorientation, blurred vision, slurred speech and vomiting.

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Among all persons aged 12 to 25, the rate of past year misuse among whites was 2.1 percent, which was three times higher than the level for blacks, 0.6 percent, and also significantly higher than the level for Hispanics, 1.4 percent.

"While increasing attention has been paid to the public health risk of prescription drug abuse, we also need to be aware of the growing dangers of misuse of over-the-counter cough and cold medications, especially among young people," said Terry Cline, the agency’s administrator.